Mbe`ere is a traditional wrestling in Ghana. The techniques involve grabbing, pulling, lifting, throwing, locking the opponent’s limbs, etc. However, grabbing the genitals, strangling, and biting are forbidden. The fights can be violent and keep until one will be floored. There is no formal ranking or grading system, but the winners receive respect from their peers and the elders. The Gurune people of the Upper East Region of Ghana are traditionally farmers and shepherds. The elders recall that decades ago, Cattle grazing was the job of the young men within the clans. On the grazing fields, they induced the cattle to fight, after which the shepherd boys themselves engaged each other in Wrestling as a means to determine roles and share their food, which they pooled together every morning. In the fields, the winners always shad the best part and larger quantities of the food, and assumed the supervising roles leaving the losers to do the actual work of attending to the animals. The philosophy became established that the strong lead whiles the weak do the work. The strong get the best parts in life while the weak struggle. This is to motivate the weak to strive in the face of all odds to get stronger. When the colonial veterinary services introduced vaccination for the cattle and other animals, all the clans would assemble their herds and move to the vaccination center several kilometers from their homes. The vaccination took several days and to kill time the shepherd boys took to wrestling between clans. Much later, the communities started wrestling between themselves thus begun inter-community wrestling for social entertainment. Mbe`rer is still practiced in many traditional Gurune communities purely for entertainment but the inter-community competitions have become very rare.

The Kırkpınar oil wrestling festival takes place in Edirne, Turkey. Thousands of people from different age groups, cultures, and regions travel every year to see Pehlivan(wrestlers)'s fight for the Kırkpınar Golden Belt and the title of Chief Pehlivan. Each festival is launched by its patron, the Kırkpınar Aga, in a ceremony featuring forty bands of davul drums and zurna shawms. The golden belt is carried through the city in a procession, followed by prayers recited in the Selimiye Mosque. The wrestling bouts customarily take place at the Men’s Field. The master of ceremonies introduces the Pehlivans to the audience, reciting in verse their names, titles, and skills. Next, the oilman oils the wrestlers assisted by the towel holder, before the warm-up exercises and greetings. The wrestlers each wear kıspet, thick trousers made of water buffalo or cow leather. As the wrestling takes place, the drum and shawm bands play the traditional repertoire of the festival. Kırkpınar oil wrestling is open to men from all cultures, regions, and ages without discrimination between religion, language, or race. Pehlivans are considered exemplary figures in society with attributes such as generosity, honesty, respectfulness and adherence to traditions and customs. All Pehlivans are trained in the master-apprentice tradition.

This combat form has been developed within the Ngarrindjeri community in Australia. Tal-Kin-Jeri Inc.(established in 1997) is succeeding and promoting its traditional Ngarrindjeri dance and weaponry by organizing related camps and events.

Kalarippayattu is a traditional holistic Martial Art with strong links to Yoga and Ayurveda. 'Kalari' translates as “place of training”, 'Payattu' as “combat exercises”. Kalaris are also important centers of religious worship. The initial physical training (Meippayattu) consists of animal postures arranged in flowing forms which, like Yoga, develop far more than flexibility and strength. It operates on a psychophysical level which can aid personal awareness and confidence amongst other attributes. The next level of practice involves wooden and metal weapons which again develop the senses as much as key fighting skills. What is also interesting, and again confirms Kalari's holistic ways, is the stages of training combine fighting with healing at almost all levels. The primary aim is the ultimate coordination between mind and body. Another focus of Kalaripayattu is specialization in indigenous medicinal practices. Kalaripayattu masters practiced not only the martial craft, but also medicine (kalari chikitsa) and herbalism, which they used to heal the wounds of soldiers who had been hurt in battle. Kalaripayattu originates in the southwest of India, in today’s state of Kerala and also partly Tamil Nadu. It is often believed to be the oldest martial art in the world, with deep roots in Indian mythology that look back on thousands of years of tradition. There are 3 acknowledged styles of Kalaripayattu – Northern, Southern, and Central – with the names referring to different parts of the Kerala region. The Northern and the Southern styles each have their own mythical gurus – Parashurama and Agastya Muni, respectively – and their own founding myths. For millennia these arts, their military techniques and associated rituals were shrouded in mystique, with only ancient Indian literature to go by. They started becoming less arcane around the 10th-12th century AD when Keralite society became militarized due to fights between kingdoms and dynasties. Military academies, known as Kalari, were created to instruct young people on how to use weapons and then join local troops. After a heydey in the 16th and 17th centuries, the importance of Kalaripayattu and the warriors who practiced it gradually declined due to developments in societal structure and military technique. When the British colonized India in the mid-19th century, they considered the warriors a threat to British authority, and the practice of Kalaripayattu was banned on penalty of death or exile. It wasn’t until the 1920s when a wave of rediscovery of historic traditions swept over India, there was the rise of Kalaripayattu schools, as well as a revival of the spirit of the martial art itself. Kalaripayattu presentations became very popular, as people enthusiastically recalled the heroic past of their country. Nowadays, there are many kalaris in Kerala, with dozens of schools in every town, and quite a few in other parts of India, in big cities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, or Bangalore. There are also teachers operating in countries all over the world.